Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Example

Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Example Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Abstract The common issues facing contemporary business firms are conflicts and disputes between workers and the organizations management. Verizon Company is one of the latest US companies to experience prolonged workers strike. Administration and leadership of Verizon have the greatest role in the recurrence of the issues as a result of the ineffective conflict resolution approach employed. The case study of Verizon serves as an example that many organizations have cultures where conflicts can productively thrive due to workers and management teams working against one another. Verizon conflicts impact on the firms culture concerning the future generation of employees who will use the companys history of addressing workers issues in forecasting the outcome of grievances that they will forward to the management. Consequently, the culture increases turnover rates, job dissatisfaction and inefficiency leading to stunted organizational growth. Organizational conflict Introduction Conflicts and disputes between employees and management, regulatory agencies, labor unions and management, co-workers and between management teams are inevitable in the contemporary working environments. At present, the common form of organizational conflict is labor conflict that occurs as a result of the growing number of unions representing the interest of the workers (Rahim, 2013). Some of the aspects that reflect the severity of conflicts in an organization include workers strikes which affect not only the growth and profitability of an organization but also have negative repercussions to organizational leadership and culture. Strikes are negotiations tools for most of the US labor unions. In the US history, work conflicts and workers strikes in different employment fields have been for the purpose of advocating for enhanced working conditions, increased benefits, and better contracts, increasing flexible working hours, and pay increment.; ; One of the profound strikes in the US history is the labor conflict in Verizon Company involving approximately 39, 000 on April 2016 making it the latest severe disputes in the US labor industry (Democracy Now Organization, 2016). The conflict between the workers and Verizon management is attributable to the lack of better contracts, and the organizations attempt to reduce laborers benefits, and limit pensions. Another factor responsible for the heated conflicts is Verizons act of trying to outsource some of its operations to the Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Mexico (Democracy Now Organization, 2016). The research paper explores the impacts of workplace disputes and conflicts on organizational culture and leadership concerning the recent Verizon Company labor conflict. Interorganizational conflict Problem Statement In the contemporary working environments, there is anecdotal evidence showing that many business organizations possess unique conflict cultures in that most of the workers strikes at present shows socially mutual norms of triggering and managing conflicts. The research problem determining whether conflicts affect organization culture considering that there is no direct link demonstrating that organizations leadership at different levels have normative and socially shared conflicts management culture. Ghorbani and Razavi (2011) suggest that many organizations have cultures where conflicts can productively thrive due to workers and management working against one another. Furthermore, there is no confirmatory link between leadership styles and disputes despite the fact that application of unsustainable direction and administration techniques leads to toxic workplaces. It is evident in the case of Verizon Companys recent labor conflict impact on organizational culture, leadership, and ma nagement reputations. It thus follows from the case study that managing disputes, misunderstandings, and conflicts is the primary management proficiency that most of the companies lack since such issues invoke conflict resolution and management skills if an organization must acquire positive culture.; Analysis of Verizon Labor Conflict Verizons 2016 strike is not the first one to occur in the company as the recent is an extension of the similar strike in 2011 for the same reasons. The failure to address the issues for the five-year period reveal Verizons reluctance in dealing with the issues facing its workers despite the growing trend in profit generation for the past four years where Verizon record $249 million profit between 2010 and 2014 (Democracy Now Organization, 2016). The management behavior of denying workers fair pay and better contracts are unjustified in the dimension of CSR and labor rights. In CSR perspectives, it is unfair for Verizon to reduce its workforce despite having knowledge about the companys sustainability to the nearby community. It is against the CSR principles to outsource work to overseas workers and contractors and to reduce menu of community amenities and services. Secondly, in leadership perspectives, it is apparent that the Verizons management are reluctant to address the issues de spite the fact the estimated impact is a loss of $ 200 million. Furthermore, the case of Verizon dispute between management and workers shows poor leadership skills, poor organizational behavior, and poor conflicts management skills. A justification of the negative attributes of the organization in the advent of the strike is management greediness to make huge profits at the expense of unsatisfied workforce (Proksch, 2016). Poor leadership and dispute management in the organization are from its retaliatory negotiation stand that the company will accept the laborers demand in exchange for job security exclusion, increased health-care costs, cuts in injury and accident benefits, and reduced retirement security funds. Role of Leadership in Verizon Labor Conflict The occurrence of the 2016 workers strike is due to the unresolved issues after the 2011 labor conflict between the organization and employees representative unions, IBEW and CWA. Verizons has a prevalent autocratic style of leadership because of the making decisions without the consideration of laborers feedback, and grievances. Authoritarian managers in Verizon Company have the attribute deprived skills in people management as they are equivalent to the leaders who have negative attitudes towards workers management concentrating only on profit making with less emphasis on workers welfare. Poor leadership in the organization is evident in the lack of effective conflict resolution initiatives which was a remedy to the recurring strikes in the company (Coleman ; Vallacher, 2011). One of the characteristics of weak leaders is their inability to consider feedbacks and viewpoints of the junior management and employees. The second feature of poor managers is the failure to exercise adequ ate response to suggestions and complaints. Therefore, poor leadership according to Proksch (2016) is one of the actors behind the occurrence of the dispute as workers strike reflects the ineffective dispute management in the company as the negotiation procedure deal with the enticement of labor union officials to loosen their stance on the issue. ;For instance, Verizon management during the 2011 dispute should have been a learning experience for enacting sustainable negotiation terms, but the management instead puts aside capital for training 15, 000 workers to acquire knowledge and skills for replacing the then looming strike and work stoppage.; As a form of intimidation during the negotiation time, there was an application of surveillance apps on the union officials taking part in the negotiations. In a nutshell, leadership-challenged management of Verizon Company does not have conflicts management aptitudes for mediation and resolution of workplace disputes.; Impacts of the Conflicts on Organizational Culture ;The type of dispute and conflict resolution style that an organization applies impact on organizational culture. The organization culture in conflict management perspective defines the conflict management culture that is applicable for future resolution of similar issues. The ranges of conflict culture that conflicts invoke include avoidant, collaborative and dominating conflict cultures (Gelfand ; Leslie, 2012). For the case of avoidant culture in conflict management, the conflicting parties learn to subdue and pull out of the dispute. On the other hand, collaborative culture of managing conflicts that have characteristics such as common problem solving, negotiation and application of constructive dialogue. Lastly, dominating culture in conflict management entails the conflicting sides attempting to outwit each other and individually seek victory and competition without considering the welfare of the other party.; ; The impact of the reluctance of Verizon management to resolve the conflicts is the promotion of the dominating type of conflict resolution cultures. They affect organization culture through the continuation of conflict management norms among the organizations management leading to a continued culture of encouraging that actual confrontation with the workers so that the organization can win disputes and conflicts (Ghorbani Razavi, 2011). The issue in its incomplete form leads to the creation of an organizational culture which fosters a working environment with increased turnover and lower staff morale. Furthermore, the problem recurrence of the issues leads to the establishment of negative atmosphere and an organizational culture of common beliefs, cognitions, and values regarding fear of the lack of job security for the workers with reduced efficiency and performance decrement. The case of Verizon constant labor conflict fostering the dominating form of conflict culture leads to a n organizational culture with a normative notion among the workers that aggressive behavior in addressing grievances and issues is appropriate. Such a normative concept is possible to spread to the future generations hence the support of normative ways of solving disputes within the organization. The consequences of the dominating culture of resolving conflicts promote an organizational culture where threats, shouting matches, disruptive chaos, yelling, heated arguments and direct confrontations can thrive. Recommendation The first recommendation for Verizon Company to stop the occurrence of the labor conflicts and disputes again is embracing a democratic form of leadership. The leadership style is essential in preventing the occurrence of differences in that all individuals within the workplace have votes and voices that count to every decision in the organization. According to Estlund, (2013), exhibiting Democratic leadership is an essential way of encouraging dialogue and creating an environment where each person can offer their sentiments and ideas hence preventing the occurrence of labor conflicts. The second proposition is the adoption of a collaborative culture of conflict resolution whose basis is a winwin situation and the recommendable solution to workplace disputes (Ghorbani Razavi, 2011). The type of culture is one of the approaches whose fundamental goal of mutual satisfaction of the needs of the conflicting parties leads to effective resolution of differences between employers and empl oyees. The limitation of the collaborative culture is communication and trust, but the application of discussion, negotiation, and mediation assist in the filling the gap. Lastly, Verizons management do not need to stand its ground all the time but must learn to give in to accommodate the resentment of the laborers.; Conclusion ; The exploration of Verizon as a representation of the recent labor dispute shows that inevitability of disagreements, conflicts, and disputes in the contemporary society. The organization has a dominating culture in conflict management the management seek victory and competition without considering the welfare of the other party in the objective of reducing the cost of production while maximizing profits. Verizons leadership play a critical role in triggering the dispute due to its rigid stance in an autocratic style of leading the laborers which do not provide the workers the chance of o air their grievances in better contracts and pay increase. The consequence of the labor conflict is a poor organizational culture which reduces workers efficiency, morale, and performance due to the dominating type of conflict culture allow threats, shouting matches, disruptive chaos, yelling, heated arguments and direct confrontations to thrive. References Democracy Now Organization. (2016, May 25). 39,000 Verizon Workers Mark Six Weeks on Strike in Biggest U.S. Labor Action in Years. Retrieved from Democracy Now Organization: https://www.democracynow.org/2016/5/25/39_000_verizon_workers_enter_sixth Estlund, C. (2013). Working together: how workplace bonds strengthen a diverse democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Proksch, S. (2016). Conflict management. New York: Springer. Rahim, M. A. (2013). Managing Conflicts in Organizations. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books.

What To Do If You Don’t Want To Work Anymore

What To Do If You Don’t Want To Work Anymore You find yourself totally checked out at work. You just can’t bring yourself to care- let alone work- let alone work hard. Your attitude has slipped. You can’t remember why you’re even doing what you’re doing. Trouble is: this can have a terrible impact on your career. Don’t let your current attitude impact your future reputation. First: Fight Through Work ApathyHere are a few strategies on how to combat a complete lack of interest in your job, or  work fatigue.1. Change your mind.Sometimes it really is a simple matter of faking it ‘til you make it. You can change the way your brain works. You can make your attitude more positive- just by trying. Start by rethinking your job as not just the bane of your existence. Until your two weeks notice are in, this is still your job and you still have to do it. Restart your thinking. Find something you can love about your work. And if you can’t, start strategizing how to change jobs.2. Reward yo urself.Figure out a way to be able to get through your day. If you finish working on that one task you’re dreading, allow yourself a hot chocolate with a coworker. If you finish a huge project, allow yourself to take a personal day and do something fun. Stay on top of your inbox for a week, and take yourself out to dinner!3. Think about the future.It might just be a rough or boring patch. Consider having a conversation with your boss about moving forward, perhaps taking on more interesting work, or shifting to another department. Start setting up the meetings now that will help you realize your best future. If you’re sure it’s not just a temporary slump, start preparing for what you might need to do to get yourself into a position you do want.Then: Make the Life Changes Necessary to Get Back on TrackIf you’re sure it’s the job and not your problem, start strategizing about your next steps. The worst thing you can do is rely on a job you hate just b ecause you have to stay afloat or you’ve let inertia get the better of you. Find yourself a job situation that lets you live a life you actually like. Here are a few things to keep in mind.1. Rethink your relationship to money.Money isn’t just stuff. It’s time, freedom, possibility. It’s a family. It’s travel. Figure out which is more important to you- money, or time. If money is your priority, you’ll never free yourself from the rat race. If time is, then it’s time to start prioritizing the things that matter. Rather than buy that extra latte or designer purse, why not save it for a mortgage fund or a family trip? Material goods can end up putting you in a loop of need and want that no amount of work will ever get you out of. And remember: the less you make, the less you’ll pay in taxes!2. Cut corners.Save money and eat better by eating at home. Think of your car not as a status symbol but as a way to get safely from place to place. If it’s a nice day outside, consider a picnic instead of a movie. A movie night at home instead of concert tickets. Take up running instead of shelling out for gym membership. See every expense as another piece of your life you’ll have to sacrifice. Spend mindfully.3. Choose work you care about and take action right away.This is the most important thing. Take ownership of what you do by believing in it. Figure out a way to incorporate what you really care about into your professional life. And if you’re not there yet, don’t worry. Just get the ball rolling. Start doing the work you’ll need to do to get there.

Leadership Terms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership Terms - Essay Example The other reason for maintaining the limits for the president and changing those of the Congress and Justices is that a president who remains in the office for a long time is likely to become a dictator and the Congress and Justice may become more corrupt. Eight years of the presidency is enough as too much power in the hands of only one person is dangerous for a nation as large as the United States (Archives.gov, 2015). The judges and Congress leaders also gain a lot of power since they know that they will hold their office for life and misuse it. Limiting the terms of these categories of leaders in the US will enable the country to have other dedicated and loyal leaders to serve the country. The limits will also bring in new and fresh ideas to keep the states moving and eliminate those with selfish interest. Giving a few individuals too much power, which is unchecked, may lead the leaders to exercise some unrighteous dominion power especially giving the president unlimited terms. The president might take control of the other branches and interfere with the constitutional rights of individuals. With the president serving for only two terms, the three branches of government are kept working properly (Archives.gov, 2015). People still re-elect the president, Congress leaders, and the justices even when they do not perform, and the term limits are the only solution to ensure that the nation has good leaders.Americans like to maintain the same leaders due to the fear of change and without the term limits.

Measure and Light Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Measure and Light - Essay Example This can be enjoyed at the simplest level by anyone, even birds are mentioned, but there are also those who understand the science of music – how it works , how it constructs links , how it can be composed. He quotes St Augustine of Hippo from the fourth century C.E. in ‘De musica’1 as saying that this is the science of music, a mathematical science. Music is described as an expression of relationships, a mathematical relationship. Augustine’s claim was that number was needed to prevent chaos within the universe. Because these are mathematical concepts the same principles can be applied in the field of the visual arts. In the mediaeval period it was believed that contemplation of geometry would lead on to thoughts of the divine, pointing to what lies outside our normal fields of vision. Augustine realised that both music and architecture have this aesthetic value. Augustine was aware that architecture uses this science of number, but was aware that not ever y architect was necessarily aware of the rules, even though he could apply them. He considered though that there could be no building of beauty unless the rules were both applied and could be seen to have done so. The whole creative process has to be placed within a framework of mathematical rules, of harmony and proportion. The contemplation of such things were believed to lead to a revelation of God. Mention is made of wave after wave of iconoclasm which aimed to limit this aim of medieval art, but which was never able to fully suppress it. Instead as time passed new styles emerged , ever more fitted to produce the religious experience aimed for . The Wisdom of Solomon is quoted , saying of God ‘Thou hast ordered all things in measure in number and weight ,’ ( Wisdom 11 v 21),2 with the complete creation being seen a heavenly composition, but also an artistic or architectural one. As part of this the buildings were seen as being right in the will of God as they produc e feelings of both awe and reverence of the divine. This, according to Curtius, was the world view of the time. They take the place in western Christianity, of the icon among Orthodox Christians, where ideas about the ultimate take the form of visual beauty. Two important strands of thought are described – the unusual version of Platonism based in Chartres, and from Clairvaux a more spiritual aspect. There was an emphasis upon mathematics and the consequences of such thinking. The word architect is discussed with its two early meanings: that of the simple mason and also the cleric in charge of a building. Then later came the idea of the architect not as a craftsman but as a scientist, a ‘theoreticus’ of his art, who quite deliberately uses scientific principles to achieve what is required. The author points how we must not impose modern ideas of what an architect is upon these medieval builders. We know value great craftsmanship, but such workers were little valu ed in that period, as compared with the theoreticus. Note that link with the word ‘theory ‘. These men were clerics. They did not actually create physical things, climb ladders or use building tools. That was the task of skilled craftspeople. Boethius is mentioned, with his idea that mere carrying out rules to create a work of art if akin to slavery , whereas knowledge of the science from which a work is created is like being a

Contemporary Religious Issues in Christianity Essay Example for Free

Contemporary Religious Issues in Christianity Essay Over time in various religions, there has been conflict. If not within one particular religion then there would be conflicting with each other. Christianity is a religion that most certainly has this issue. With many struggles in religion that people are face with today that would assists in the division of our human population, some religions still share some of the same beliefs. Though all religions are vastly different, the overall belief is geared to praise and worship God. Two religions that will be discussed in this paper that conflict with Christianity are Judaism and Islam. In Judaism, besides cultural division within, most of their conflict is with modern society. In Islam, the Muslim community has a great political outlook that has been coupled with their religious beliefs and stereotyping has been more recently a trigger for conflict. In this paper we will discuss the contemporary issues within Christianity. We will review the historical connections and theological similarities with other religions such as Judaism and Islam. We will also take a look at Christian denominations and how they interact with Buddhism. Contemporary Issues within Christianity Christians have struggles between their own religion, and with other religions beliefs. Christian’s belief in One God, God of Love. We can find a message in the passages of the Bible; in Genesis, a foundation about God’s creation. The concepts: stewardship and creativity, God blessed them; and God gave them this message, Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it; and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky, and over every living thing that moves on the earth. Bible) 2012 â€Å". The Love of God gets lost in our daily living style because the temptation, we sin and man abused God’s stewardship, and we don’t follow what God is teaching us to do. Christianity and other religions in this new way of living, we all are challenge to face an inevitable change. Social and new technology is responsible for new changes. We ask ourselves, what about religion in the future. Influences, crisis, economy are slowly changing the conservative religion to their surrounding of cultures. This changes are giving new choices to each one of us, and some choices are giving us ethical and cultural choices that force us to examine ourselves in our most basic philosophical believes. Christians and other religions are facing some areas that may raise ethical and religion beliefs. How Christian must respond to such conditions? How can we live with this society and culture that surrounds us? Christ of Culture perspective is exactly the opposite of Christ against Culture This way of living brings culture and Christianity together. God is giving us life – Why humans want to decide to take away our own lives or others. Where is our belief and trust, or mainly where is our Faith in God. Why we want to take control. If God give us life; we must belief and have trust that he has a plan in our lives. Ethical termination of adult life. Do individuals have the right to end their own lives or the lives or their loved ones? Even with major circumstances, do we get the control; where is our faith and believe that God does the impossible. Christianity questions about today is questioning about euthanasia. Passive or Active). Passive allowing the person to die by discontinuing their treatments and active is taking some positive step to terminate the person life by toxic substance or the injection of an air bubble into the blood stream. Euthanasia is the act of putting the death of a person which their illness in not curable but is violating the six commandment† Thou shalt not kill (Murder). Such consent does not relieve the killer of guilt for the sin of murder. Euthanasia is an instance of murder, which is a categorically forbidden in scripture.  Exodus 20:13 (Bakers, 1973), pp. 222 F. This society is giving us the opportunity to take control in our own hands; new technology is changing tremendously our beliefs and if we don’t wake up. This society will be out of control. Historical Connections and Theological Similarities with Other Religions The main historical connection between Judaism and Christianity is the fact that Christianity is a product of Judaism. This happened around the first century C. E. when Christianity was spreading rapidly throughout Europe. Besides Christianity forming out of Judaism, it has a connection through Jesus Christ, as we all know Jesus was a Jew. In fact for most of his life Jesus practice the Judaist faith and even celebrated Jewish holidays. Some of these holidays even became the basis for some of Christianity’s holidays, such as Easter which is based on the Jewish holiday â€Å"Passover†. Despite the fact that Christianity was a result of Judaism, Christians tended to have more freedom than Jews, while the latter was often persecuted for practicing their religion. Christianity has a connection to Israel that is almost as strong as Judaism. Nazareth which is based in Israel is considered the birthplace of Jesus, as well the birthplace of the Jewish Christian Church, however after the destruction of the church’s temple in 70C. E it seems that the church gradually faded into existence. While there may be some differences in how each religion worships and celebrates their religions. They both emphasize people being kind towards one another, believing in one God, and just being an overall good human being. The Christian and Islamic faith do share some of the same beliefs though their religions are vastly different. They both believe that there is one God and that God created the planet and mankind. They to both agree that God is the way of morality and the way or path of justice. It is also believed between the two religions that overall judgment of life is decided after life by heaven or hell. The fundamentalists Muslims and Christians also believe in pollutants such as porn and licentious helps destroy a community or society. There is a huge negative emotion in the western civilization in Islamic countries which explains the reasons of influences that evolve from out west. Of course there are obvious differences between both Christianity and Islam that will forever be unsettled. In these religions, pivotal doctrines are the points in which Christianity and Islam disagree. The overall tone of both beliefs are peaceful, caring, and loving human beings. The Muslim religion has points of emphasis on being peaceful, for instance; In Islam, the Muslims look to Sura 22:56 who say when speaking of religion there’s no compulsion. Though many in the world of Islam would believe that no compulsion means inside their religious world there is no competition amongst religion. Sura 29:46 says do not have a quarrel with outside religions but only if there is wrong doing. However, Sura 41:34 say to be make nice with the person doing wrong by doing good things for that person. Almost similar is the bible which has its parts of conflict with violence mostly from the Old Testament. It contests that a Canaanite society is infested with evil doings especially child sacrifice. God sent Israelites to enforce against the particular injustice and further on did the same against the Israelites. Situations like this within the scriptures of the bible are specifically minimal in circumstances during this time all implemented by God. But as the Quran would suggest, their religion puts this type of command in any time, place, and against any people or religion. Christian Denominations In religion, there is a power struggle to keep itself together. The ten commandments were clear on this issue. â€Å" Thou shall not worship false idols†, (Ten Commandments, 2002-2011). But there are seven billion people on this planet. Chances are that at least one of those seven billion people would want to worship another idol. From this idea, they would separate from their original church and form their own church. Worshiping whomever they found fit to be the one who deserved to be worshiped. As a matter of fact, this has happened many times in the history of Christianity and Judaism. Why are there so many Christian denominations? Well first we would have to differentiate between the non-Christian cults, and the false religions. Christian denominations are Lutherans, as well as Presbyterians. Then there are Jehovah’s witnesses and the Mormon religion, are examples of such cults. But islam and buddism are separate religions all together. Trials such as the protestant reformation gave rise within the Christian church to denominations. A movement to reform the roman catholic church that took place during the 16th century. Out of this event, four major division of traditional Protestantism emerged. These four were Lutheran, reformed, Anglican, and Anabaptist. But many more denominations would grow over the coming centuries. The denomination Lutheran was named after Martin Luther. This is based off of his teachings. Methodist was named from its founder, John Wesley. John Wesley was famous for coming up with methods for spiritual growth. Presbyterianism is named from their view on the churches leadership, and finally, Baptists. They got the name from the importants of the baptism ceremony. But not all the other denominations believe in baptism. So each one has a slightly different doctrine. Another is the availability of the lords supper to all. Or at least those who’s testimonies could be verified by the church leaders. Looking at why they have divisions, it seems clear that its not about Christ as the lord and savior. But it seems rather the differences of opinion by godly, flawed evidence, people seeking god. Seeking to retain doctrinal purity of what is their understanding of his word. Looking at today, denominations are many and vary wildly. The denominations have spawned numerous styles such as Nazarenes, Christian and Missionary Alliance, Evangelical Free, Assemblies of God, ect. Some styles of denomination, emphasizes very little doctrinal differences. But more often, they simply offer different styles of worship. Fitting the differences of Christians. This is the cause for so many forms of Christianity. Conclusion In this paper we have gone over the contemporary issues within Christianity. We have reviewed the historical connections and theological similarities with other religions such as Judaism and Islam. We have also taken a look at Christian denominations and how they interact with Buddhism. In our research we have found that Christianity and other religions in this new way of living, we all are challenge to face an inevitable change. Social and new technology is responsible for new changes. In these religions, pivotal doctrines are the points in which Christianity and Islam disagree. Christianity has a connection to Israel that is almost as strong as Judaism. Some styles of denomination, emphasizes very little doctrinal differences. But more often, they simply offer different styles of worship.

Othello :: English Literature Essays

Othello In William Shaspeare play Othello, Iago make Othello believe that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. He does by taking advantage of any situation to make of Othello doubt. Iago make Othello thing a lot of crazy thing on his head, Othello got so jelous leading him to kill his own wife, Desdemona, satisfying iago obseccion for revenge. The Reason why Iago develop such as evil plan is because Iago suspect that Othello is having an affair with his wife Emilia. He cited when he said "And it is thought abroad that 'twist my sheets he's done my office." The irony behind this line is that he then says, "I know not if't be true, but I, for mere suspicion in that kind, will do as if for surety." That mean, He is not sure that Othello is having an affair with his wife but he will pay anyhow, this show that Iago is so blind with his jealousy that he will do anything on his reach to make Othello for such act no sure committed. Iago elaborates a master plan to get Cassio position as a lieutenant. Iago get Cassio drunk so he could fight Roderigo. Othello then discharge Cassio from the lieutenant position when he says, How must poor Cassio have felt? To lose all he had worked for, working up his reputation that any half-hearted human can tell he earned and deserved. Iago know that Othello who ask him about the deed because of he fame of being a honest man. Iago tell Othello about the deed winning his trust that is when Iago starts to crab Othello by his weak point his Love for Desdemona. The first part of the plant start when Cassio is drunk, and cassio but the plan begin to develop a little more when Cassio is dismissed from his position. Cassio sad because he reputation has gone under the hill with the act the he committed unfortunately Iago uses Cassio as a puppet to go ahead with his evil plan. Iago suggest Cassio to try to speak with Desdemona to Convince Othello. Iago knows that Desdemona it a very naà ¯ve woman and she will be a very valuable piece to continue his evil game. At the castle ground, Cassio meet with Desdemona and exhorted her to ask Othello to take him back. Situation that Iago utilized to his advantages Iago put ideas

Research Notes on Comparison Between Romeo

Research Notes On Comparison Between Romeo + Juliet's And Benedick + Beatrice's Relationship's †¢Benedict jests he only takes Beatrice for pity whereas Beatrice claims to only accept him for she is under the belief that he is in consumption, suggests that their married life years will continue to be full of lively conversations and wit so that hopefully neither should have to ‘sigh away’ their ‘Sundays’ or bear the horns of a cuckold. †¢Romeo and Juliet’s relationship: had it been given time to grow and mature more steadily, their love may have grown into the most beautiful flower of all. A key difference, which can be noted between Romeo and Juliet and Beatrice and Benedict, is the speed in which their relationship advances. Romeo and Juliet’s whole relationship takes place in a matter of three days whereas in much ado about nothing the audience gets the impression that Beatrice and Benedict have known each other a long time, perhaps having been involved in a romantic relationship some time before the beginning of the events in the play.In act 1 scene 1 Beatrice says ‘I know you of old’. To ‘know’ somebody in Shakespearean times often suggested you knew that person in a sexual context. †¢In contrast, Beatrice and Benedict appear to be in no rush to get married. Both reveal apprehensions about it during the play. Beatrice likens marriage to a five step jig describing the initial part as ‘hot and hasty†¦ and full as fantastical’.The words ‘hot and hasty’ suggest that Beatrice sees the first part of a relationship as passionate and exciting; the words ‘full of fantastical’ seem to be suggesting that this part of the relationship is almost like a fantasy, an illusion, not real. Beatrice could be suggesting that at first you don’t really know somebody and what might seem perfect at first may turn out to be a disappointment. This may ha ve been how Beatrice felt when she first met Benedict. She seems to hint that he has let her down in some way offering only a ‘single heart’ for her ‘double one’ , and that he won it with ‘false dice’.The illusion of gambling perhaps suggests that Beatrice sees a potential relationship a risky game and one she might not win. Considering this, one can return to Romeo and Juliet and how well they really knew each other when they decided to get married. Only hours before meeting Juliet, Romeo had been in live over a girl called Rosaline. His love for Juliet does not appear deeper and more real, yet how confident can the audience be that this love would stand the test of time

How does Miller use the character of Alfieri to manipulate the audience? Essay

How does Miller use the character of Alfieri to manipulate the audience? What is his attitude to the events of the play? Miller portrays Alfieri as the symbolic bridge between the Italian and American cultures. Alfieri is seen to appreciate the traditional Italian customs yet he also abides by and respects American law. This causes sympathy for him as he is caught between the two paths and has to choose between them. This brings up a theme of the play; choosing between doing the right thing or being true to your feelings. Alfieri can sympathise with Eddie but he can not do anything about the situation that Eddie is in, as the law can not help him and he is not in a position where he is able to help. Miller uses Alfieri as a narrator in ‘A View from the Bridge; Miller has based Alfieri’s role in the play on the idea of a Greek Chorus. The main purpose of the Chorus was to begin and end the action that takes place in the play, as well as to link the different parts of the play together so it runs smoothly. This is one of the purposes Miller gives Alfieri in the play. Miller establishes a relationship between Alfieri and the audience, by having Alfieri speak directly to the audience. As he is the only character who addresses the audience directly, they feel closer to him than to any other character. Through Alfieri, Miller is able to influence what the audience think of certain characters at different points throughout the play. For instance in reference to Eddie, Alfieri says that â€Å"He was as good a man as he had to be in a life that was hard and even†. This description of Eddie directly influences the audiences’ opinion of Eddie. Miller can also manipulate the audience into feeling different things for characters, for instance creating sympathy for Eddie at the end of the play, â€Å"I confess that something perversely pure calls to me †¦ so I mourn him †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Alfieri also influences the audience by the way he explains certain events in the play. Alfieri provides commentary on what is happening in the play as well as providing his own opinion. The audience is influenced by his words as they have a close relationship with him. When Alfieri talks to the audience he is much more relaxed and talks about his private life as if he was talking to a close friend or relative. He is much more open as he is not being consulted as a professional, â€Å"I no longer keep a pistol in my filing cabinet.† This is not a subject that would come up when talking to someone who you have just met. This adds to the closeness the audience feel with Alfieri. However during his talks with Eddie he tries to be un-biased and give sound advice but he can not help but to like Eddie. This is because something about Eddie’s character and his actions appeal to him, not taking into account how self-centred or selfish theses actions are, â€Å"Give me the number of the Immigration Bureau†. Eddie reporting on Marco and Rodolfo is done for selfish reasons, but Alfieri admires it as he acted without hiding behind a superficial faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade due to his simplistic nature. Miller gives Eddie a person to confide in, someone he can look to for sound advice; a fatherly figure, when he created Alfieri. Alfieri serves multiple purposes throughout the play. During the play most of what Alfieri says is directed towards the audience or towards Eddie, this shows the audience that Alfieri is detached from the actual action happening in the play and can not directly influence what is going to take place. He is seen to omniscient, Alfieri can be seen as the person looking down from a vantage point on top of the bridge from where he can see everything but affect nothing. When Eddie goes to Alfieri for advice various times throughout the play, we can see that he feels he can express his feelings a bit better, but he is almost always disappointed as Alfieri only gives him advice that he feels is not right and there must be better solutions. In the end even this helpful advice is not enough to stop the events that befall Eddie. However this is subjective as, if Eddie had followed this advice it is unlikely that he would have had such a tragic demise. Events followed a tragic path because only Eddie holds the true power to stop things from happening the way they did. This is his fatal flaw. Alfieri’s inability to change the events, affects him deeply and he feels powerless and desperate as he can see how events will turn out and the one person who could change this; Eddie, is too set in his ways and does not heed his advice. When Eddie comes to Alfieri in Act Two he is described as having eyes â€Å"like tunnels†, the effect of the state of his eyes on Alfieri is that he seriously contemplates calling the police. This also shows Alfieri’s desperation as he is willing to turn to drastic measure to stop events, however he does not call the police and therefore events carry on as they were. There are some similarities between the advice Alfieri gives to Eddie and Marco even though they are two very different people with different temperaments and personalities. The gist of the advice he gives them, is that the law can not help them in the situation they are in, and it is better to â€Å"let it go†. The advice he gives them is what they should follow if they want to do the right thing, but it is not what each of them want to hear so they do not heed it. At the end of the play Miller, through Alfieri causes sympathy for Eddie and shows the audience Eddie’s redeeming quality, his love for his family and being â€Å"himself purely† in his actions even if his actions are not purely good. Alfieri can not help but to be drawn to Eddie and this causes internal conflict within him because he is torn between being true to his roots or to abide by the laws of the country in which he resides in. Alfieri whilst being omniscient is also impotent; this is a major contributing factor to the tragic demise of Eddie and the tragic ending of the play.

Michel Foucault

Michel Foucault Michel Foucault was a famous and influential French philosopher. He was the leading individual who changed the idea of human body being a biological or physiological figure to a concept of sociology. He managed to change people’s mentality in the sense that the society normal or ordinary state of thinking and people’s perceptions changed significantly.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Michel Foucault specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Foucault was also thought of as the greatest and most intellectual scholar and philosopher who lived until the time of his death in 1984(Fenves 369). He came up with very important theories that are still used today and have changed the outlook of society in many ways (Adomo 470). For example, he observed that criminal justice system was not working or performing well as per the expectations of society. As a result, he came up with the Panopticon principle that trans formed the way jails and discipline for offenders was being perceived by society. Interestingly, this principle has remained firm in place bearing in mind that the entire face of criminal justice system was gradually reshaped with the adoption of this principle. Foucault focused more on human sexuality as well as the concept of power and human discipline. He was also very much involved in the gay community in San Francisco. Michel Foucault was born in Poitiers, France on October 15, 1926. His father and grandfather were physicians and although he was a brilliant student, he resisted his family and native country and traveled overseas when he fully came of age. When he was 20 years old, he was accepted into the EcoleNormaleSuperieure (ENS) in Paris (Adomo 470). He was a student of philosophy and psychology. For a while he was a follower of communism, but later in life he changed his views. He graduated from ENS in 1952, and started his career immediately. His career was known to be b oth intellectual and professional. He performed his roles with consistency and purpose. Foucault started his career as a teacher at University of Lille in France. From 1955 to 1960, he served as a cultural attachà © in Uppsala, Sweden; Warsaw, Poland; and Hamburg, Germany. Later on in 1960 to 1966, he served as a professor at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France, (Bouchard 117). While he was there, he wrote his early monograms, which received attention, but only from a small audience. In 1966 however, things turned around for him when he published Les Motset les chosestranslated in English to The Order of Things. After the publication of the latter, he attracted a much larger audience. As a result, he was considered an original and controversial thinker of his time. At this point, Foucault decided to become a professor at the University of Tunis in Tunisia from 1966 to 1968(James 340). He then went on to become the director of the philosophy department at the University of Paris, Vincennes for two years.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1970, he was given a seat in the history of systems of thought at the College de France (Adomo 470). It is imperative to note that this is one of France’s most prestigious institutions. This opened up the door to Foucault for conducting intensive research which lead to writings of his later works. Over the next thirteen years, he wrote quite a number of works, including his volumes on sexuality and Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison,as well as various essays. He continued to travel throughout the rest of his life and managed to extend his reputation to places like Italy, Canada, Japan, Brazil, and the United States, where he spent relatively long periods of time. He also became a visiting lecturer at the University of California at Berkeley for several years, before his death in 1984. It was alleged that he died of HIV/AIDS which was then an emerging infection (Fenves 377). The fourth volume of his history on sexuality was never completed. Foucault focused most of his research on finding out how to create some methodology on discipline that would be effective in society for purposes of controlling and regulating behavior that needs disciplining the body. He used the term disciplinary practices to describe institutions such as schools, churches as well as prisons which, to a large extent, assist in controlling and regulating any given society (Adomo 470). These institutions are strategically placed in society to teach people how they are supposed to act or think, or when someone goes against societal rules, these rules and regulations are supposed keep them out of society by being locked behind bars. They are changing constantly to come up with new ways to make sure they can keep control and regulate how people act in society. One of the easiest and most common ways to do this is by using surveillance (Bouchard 113). The constant monitoring of bodies and disciplining if necessary by these social institutions make people stay in line and behave how they are supposed to for fear of being disciplined. When people know or feel like they are being monitored, they act differently than they would if they were in their home or somewhere where there is no threat of punishment (Bertaux 366). This has lead to what Foucault refers to as docile bodies which are produced through improvement of individuals’ behaviors through discipline, use, subjugate, discipline by various procedures and techniques of discipline (Adomo 470). A good example of this would be the way teachers and parents expect children to sit quietly and do their work or pay attention for long periods of time. We are always telling children to be quiet and listen or to keep their hands to themselves. Eventually, they learn that they are supposed to be quiet when a teacher o r fellow student is speaking, and that hitting is not appropriate (Adomo 470). I work at a children’s fitness center, and although the main focus of our classes are to help these children work on fitness, we also stress the ability to stay in line and wait for their turn, or listen when the teacher is explaining the game they are going to play.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Michel Foucault specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I have noticed that many children come into the program without ever having been in a structured setting before, and they have a hard time listening and doing what the rest of the class is doing, but after a few weeks, they sit nicely on their line and listen when they are supposed to (Bouchard 123). This proves that institutions really do use techniques to control and improve the way people act, and to show children the appropriate social norms they will need for the rest of thei r lives. One of Foucault’s most influential theories is the Panopticon principle. This theory is focused around the way prisons are run and how they keep control of inmates. The Panopticon is a large area with a tower in the center with rows of buildings surrounding it (Adomo 470). With this set up, each inmate can be monitored constantly, so they are under surveillance twenty-four hours a day. The inmate knows that he might be under watch, but he never knows if at any given moment he is being supervised, because they cannot see inside the supervisor’s room. Knowing that they could possibly be under watch makes them maintain some form of control and act appropriately largely due to the fact that they fear going through a disciplinary action g should they get caught breaking some of the clearly set rules and regualtions (Bertaux 360). Another example of this would be the way someone acts in a super market if they know that there are cameras in the store. Many store owne rs put cameras up that do not really work, but the sight of them makes shoppers believe that they are being taped. As a result, they are less likely to shoplift because they fear they will get caught (Adomo 470). A good real life example would also be the installation of cameras on school buses. When I was young, my fellow school mates would sometimes run out of control while riding in school bus and as such, they could not listen to the bus driver. She got a camera installed in the front of the bus, and told us that the principal could see the feed. These made all the children in the bus to sit nicely and quietly in their seats. From that time onwards, the problem never persisted. The children were afraid since they developed some fear that someone in authority was keenly watching them, and therefore, they acted appropriately. An explanation of his ideas in panoptical principles In a bid to fully understand and embrace modern forms of regulation in social field, many scholars have adopted the conceptual examples and principles of Michael Foucault’s panopticon theory. His ideas in the theory have compelled readers and analysts to contemplate that there is a possibility that panoptical theory has an explanatory frame that is useful, especially on contemporary practices of surveillance (Faubion 165).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the panopticon theory, Foucault focuses on vital factors that include disciplinary actions via systems of social control and the concept of power-knowledge. In his ideas, he strongly believed that through observing others, individuals were able to gain control, power and become knowledgeable (Adomo 470). Through it, all events that are taking place would be recorded, and every form of movement supervised. His theory has been lauded as a one that brought transition and transformation in disciplinary power seen from threats of discipline that creates a normalization of sorts (Hitchcock 124). Furthermore, from his ideas on panoptic discipline, an understanding that internalization of fear that an individual is being watched and the need to conform is created, and this achieves a positive response in behavior change that would not fully be achieved by total surveillance (Bertaux 354). The question that begs is how this works. By building on Foucault’s principle, power comes fr om observation. The behavior and actions of an observer are based upon what he sees exhibited on a monitor (Bouchard 113). This knowledge combined with observation ensures that individuals are fabricated in social order. However, some analysts argue that this is one way that Foucault’s principle in limiting the freedom of others and oppressing them. They further argue that this oppression comes from the threats and fact that a few individuals or groups manipulate others through control knowledge. While defending his principle, Foucault does not see the danger and oppression analysts are seeing (Adomo 470). Conversely, Foucault argues that through control knowledge, the repressions in social order created by individuals are minimized or reduced as panopticon fabricates individuals into social order. On the issue of power, who does not have it and who has it, Foucault’s idea was not to create a situation where others dominate or rule subjects, but he intended to create a system that will ensure that leaders or those who wish to create order find a ;suitable way of solving conflicts and resistance. Additionally, in his wisdom, Foucault did not give physical weapons that individuals could use to create order. Instead, his idea provided a powerful instrument of analysis. His idea has been adopted by many in urban public spaces, schools and offices where individual are induced to transform and conform to social order through surveillance. This has aided inn reducing pervasiveness and resistance to change in the society. His ideas have not received full support especially from a cross section of opposers of Foucault’s principles who think this is a violation of individuals’ right by use of intrusive electronics to control and modify behavior. The issue of freedom and security has plagued Foucault’s theories since his ideas are being seen as ways of incarcerating individuals who are in workplaces, public places and those going about their businesses (Faubion 158). It is imperative to underscore the fact that Foucault’s ideas make sense. This can be supported by the fact that unlike the former society that preceded contemporary one, resistance to change and conformity has tremendously increased( Fenves 369). The structure of the contemporary society has grown worse and become different since it lacks power to transform, instead, as Foucault puts it, relies on enlightenment reforms that bear inherent dangers inasmuch as they are made for and intended to correct barbarity (Bouchard 114). The latter, is intended to be corrected via enlightenment reforms that seeks to create order in the society via constructing learning institutions, modernizing medicine and elimination of dungeons (Adomo 470). In his ideas, Foucault claims that even with reforms, the issue of power and surveillance will be included since changes cause disturbance and the latter calls for order exercised through control and power. Moreover, the idea fronted by Foucault is based on carceral culture rather that the normal culture of spectacle. In it, he argues that formerly, and this is true in some societies today, the forms of discipline included obliteration, dismemberment and body torture. Other forms of discipline, especially in the aforementioned obliteration, rehabilitation occurs as well as internalization through a constitution. In his idea, creating reforms requires adoption of panopticon theory (Bertaux 354). For instance, in a prison set up, ensuring that there is order in the cells, creation of a surveillance tower would effectively control and monitor every movement. Creating on at the centre of a prison facility makes prisoners to feel that an individual is watching them inasmuch as they can not determine whether a person is in the tower (Bouchard 119). Adopting the prison example, Foucault claims that this can be used in both capitalist and democratic societies to maintain order. He believes that to creat e order, the populace must at all times know that someone somewhere is watching them. The advantage of this would be that the populace will police themselves through internalizing their own panoptic surveillance towers (Adomo 470) . The knowledge of being watched and the power of constraint aid individuals in taking responsibility in their actions. As such they play both the roles of subjection to internalized surveillance and power over their behavior. Today, governments and federal agencies have adopted the idea of Foucault and modernized it through modern technology whereby they track the behavior .and movements of the populace with systems of control such as surveillance cameras in public places, credit cards, ATM’s, the census, social security numbers, cell phones, telephones and the internet. The use of Panopticon is a carceral culture and idea that has been diffused to affect urban planning through discouraging concealment and monitoring movements. Additionally, it is used in learning institutions, factory architecture and hospitals. The idea of ponopticon schema and its application is polyvalent. Foucalt argued that it has been used to induce idlers and beggars to work, supervise workers, confine the insane, instruct school children, and treat patients and reform prisons (Bouchard 113). Through it, intervention and instruments of power are defined, power is channeled and disposed to its powers, and hierarchical organizations as well as distribution of individual are tracked and located. His idea was to have a society in which its functions are generalized. This is evident today in the manner in which the contemporary society has become a part of the panoptic mechanism. As a matter of fact, Foucault’s idea has been used today to internalize regulations and rules to bring conformity. Societies such as the American society that is fond of committing violence to innocent subjects just for the sake of following authorities (Adomo 470). Interna lizing rules aids in contesting unjust rules through naturalizing them. Additionally, rather than the crude, old-fashioned, unusual and cruel punishment that many societies in the nineteenth century and even today apply to rehabilitate law breakers, the use of ponopticon would be a normal way of creating reforms. Early reform methods have been considered to be inhumane to the insane and prisoners. For instance, Foucault argues that the use of torture affects the private aspects of individuals’ lives. The idea of using ponopticon in effect acts as a judge everywhere such that social workers, educators, teachers and every other individual will feel that someone is watching them and ready to judge them for their actions(Faubion 148). Other important aspects of the theory are that through the ponopticon, specialization of workforce in an organization increases, efficiency is built and value placed in organizing individuals and data to effect dissemination of information and goods as wel as to effect mass production despite injustices or exploitations. An analysis of his theories To understand social regulation and its modern forms, it is imperative to adopt the conceptual exemplar of the panopticon metaphor created by Michel Foucault. In the field of surveillance and in a post-panoptic world, the use of panopticon has drawn critical reactions and questions on its relevance. During the practice of contemporary surveillance, determining the usefulness of panopticon requires analyzing its course using an explanatory frame (Fenves 369). Readers and analysts of Foucault’s ideas and who seek to determine the possibility of a panopticon to work effectively in light of complex situations have been compelled to contemplate on how they can go beyond the conceptual boundaries of this multifaceted and rich concept to the implications of its manifold functions (Adomo 470). Critiques have blamed the idea of surveillance technology to interference with individualsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ freedoms and security. Monitoring and tracking individual who are not incarcerated doing their normal daily activities through surveillance cameras claiming to modify or control their behavior is a violation of their rights. They further argue that the intrusive electronic society formed by the panoptic mechanism is in itself pervasive and hence cannot manage the information that it is collecting and tracking. In analyzing his theories, it is important to find answers to a number of issues that includes the possibility of mobilizing a counter- power to manage the power systems in the society, create a power that resists existing powers or surrender and allow individuals to be controlled and be manipulated by forces endeavoring to manage people from afar(Bertaux 354). Some of the core themes that are instructive and solid found in the study of surveillance includes visibility, subjectivity, resistance, normativity and power. His idea has been adopted by many in urban public s paces, schools and offices where individual are induced to transform and conform to social order through surveillance. This has aided inn reducing pervasiveness and resistance to change in the society (Adomo 470). His ideas have not received full support especially from a cross section of opposers of Foucault’s principles who think this is a violation of individuals’ right by use of intrusive electronics to control and modify behavior. The issue of freedom and security has plagued Foucault’s theories since his ideas are being seen as ways of incarcerating individuals who are in workplaces, public places and those going about their businesses. It is imperative to note that Foucault’s theories such as that of governmentality and panopticon have raised controversies among analysts. This has been observed in the manner at which individuals have felt that like in the former society that preceded this contemporary one, resistance to change and conformity has tr emendously increased (Faubion 149). As already mentioned, the structure of the contemporary society has grown worse and become different since it lacks power to transform, instead, as Foucault puts it, relies on enlightenment reforms that bear inherent dangers inasmuch as they are made for and intended to correct barbarity (Adomo 470). The latter, is intended to be corrected via enlightenment reforms that seeks to create order in the society via constructing learning institutions, modernizing medicine and elimination of dungeons. In his ideas, Foucault claims that even with reforms, the issue of power and surveillance will be included since changes cause disturbance and the latter calls for order exercised through control and power (Fenves 369). These themes and their key problematics are nuanced by Foucauldian interpretations or by alternative theoretical frameworks. On the other hand, since most studies have focused on the negative aspects of surveillance, it is imperative to crit ically focus on the epistemological way forward. Looking at it in a determistic and dystopian way, sociologists argue that surveillance offers moral governance through monitoring programs. The ideas of Michel Foucault have over the years led to significant developments of the surveillance systems (Faubion 357). However, research studies have indicated the various limitations in the foundational concepts of panopticon claiming that the explanations that Foucault has given in his ideas on surveillance are insufficient. This is observed in how it functions. By building on Foucault’s principle, power comes from observation. The behavior and actions of an observer are based upon what he sees exhibited on a monitor. This knowledge combined with observation ensures that individuals are fabricated in social order (Bertaux 354). However, some analysts argue that this is one way that Foucault’s principle in limiting the freedom of others and oppressing them. They further argue t hat the oppression comes from the threats and the fact that a few individuals or groups manipulate others through control knowledge. While defending his principle, Foucault does not see the danger and oppression analysts are seeing. Conversely, Foucault argues that through control knowledge, the repressions in social order created by individuals are minimized or reduced as panopticon fabricates individuals into social order (Adomo 470). On the issue of power, who does not have it and who has it, Foucault’s idea was not to create a situation where others dominate or rule subjects, but he intended to create a system that will ensure that leaders or those who wish to create order find a ;suitable way of solving conflicts and resistance. Additionally, in his wisdom, Foucault did not give physical weapons that individuals could use to create order. Instead, his idea provided a powerful instrument of analysis. The ideas of Michel Foucault have over the years led to significant deve lopments of the surveillance systems. However, research studies have indicated the various limitations in the foundational concepts of panopticon claiming that the explanations that Foucault has given in his ideas on surveillance are insufficient (Fenves 369). Analysts observe that the argument on Foucault’s principle that power comes from observation betrays the suitability of panopticon the best in contemporary surveillance dynamics. Inasmuch as the behavior and actions of an observer are based upon what he sees exhibited on a monitor, it alters the metaphor of panopticon with complex perspectives beyond panopticon such as seen in foucault’s governmentality theory such as models of assemblage, social sorting and concepts of hyper-control. This knowledge combined with observation critics depicts his ideas induces and fabricates individuals into social order (Bertaux 354). Additionally, some analysts argue that this is one way that Foucault’s principle in limiti ng the freedom of others and oppressing them. They further argue that the oppression comes from the threats and the fact that a few individuals or groups manipulate others through control knowledge. Moreover, other analysts are of the opinion that through control knowledge, the repressions in social order created by individuals are minimized or reduced as panopticon fabricates individuals into social order (Faubion 148). On the issue of power, who does not have it and who has it, Foucault’s idea was not to create a situation where others dominate or rule subjects, but he intended to create a system that will ensure that leaders or those who wish to create order find a ;suitable way of solving conflicts and resistance. Additionally, in his wisdom, Foucault did not give physical weapons that individuals could use to create order. Instead, his idea provided a powerful instrument of analysis. The growth of panoptic surveillance has been regarded as a form of oppression that is sp read by Foucault’s theory of governmentality. The knowledge of being watched and the power of constraint threaten the security of a populace. As such they play both the roles of subjection to internalized surveillance and power over their behavior (Bertaux 353). Today, governments and federal agencies have adopted the idea of Foucault and modernized it through modern technology whereby they track the behavior .and movements of the populace with systems of control such as surveillance cameras in public places, credit cards, ATM’s, the census, social security numbers, cell phones, telephones and the internet (Adomo 470). The use of Panopticon is a carceral culture and idea that has been diffused to affect urban planning through discouraging concealment and monitoring movements. Additionally, it is used in learning institutions, factory architecture and hospitals. Adomo, Theodor.  Parataxis: Zur spaten Lyrik Holderlins.Noten zur Literatur. 1(2005) :447-494. Bertaux, Pi erre. Was Holderlin mentally Ill? Philosophy Today 37.4 (2007): 353-368. Bouchard, Donald. 2009. Language Counter-MemoryPractice:  Selected Essays  and Interviews, translated by Donald Bouchard Sherry Simon. Philosophy Today (2007): 113-138.   Faubion, James. Aesthetics: Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984. Social Indicators Research. 2, (2000): 147-170.   Fenves, Peter. Measure for Measure: Holderlin and the Place of Philosophy. Philosophy Today 37(4/4), (1993): 369-382. Hitchcock, Louise. Theory for Classics. New York: Routledge, 2008.

Dissertation Thesis

Dissertation Thesis Dissertation Thesis Dissertation Thesis Tips To start speaking about creating a dissertation thesis, it is necessary to make clear what a thesis is. Within the past few years the term thesis has acquired an additional meaning. Now the third meaning of this word is document, dissertation. But in this paper we shall speak about a thesis as a conjecture, an essential part of any dissertation. Well, a thesis is a conjecture, which must be supported by evidence a dissertation writer collects. Therefore, a dissertation is a lengthy piece of writing that argues to defend a particular dissertation thesis. The research, conducted by a dissertation writer to support a thesis, must be original and substantial. A dissertation is created not only to show a writers ability to gather, synthesize ad analyze evidence, but also to demonstrate his original contribution to a particular field. The scientific method of research means that a dissertation writer starts with a conjecture, and after that provides evidence w hich supports or denies it. So before writing a dissertation to defend a dissertation thesis, it is necessary to collect evidence, supporting this thesis. Students face with unexpected difficulties, as it appears that the most difficult aspect of dissertation is not creating a dissertation thesis and collecting evidence, but organizing them into a coherent form. Writing a dissertation, it is important to keep in the forefront of ones mind that any argument is being constructed to defend a dissertation thesis. It is important to think about the main dissertation idea as you write, is this way you will be protected from danger of writing useless pages, which are away from the main path. Every paragraph you write should be about the central argument, giving additional evidence, synthesis of evaluation of evidence, related to your dissertation thesis. While you write, remember that every statement of your dissertation must be supported by original work or by a reference to a particul ar published paper. Avoid a mere reproducing of the material you found, you should use the results of a scientists work as a fact and refer the reader of your dissertation to the source. Moreover, keep in mind that your dissertation must be written according to the rules of formal grammar. Well, we hope that the stated above tips will be useful for you, and now the nature of dissertation thesis is clear. So, maybe it is high time to start looking for a topic that will interest you particularly.

Globalization of Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization of Financial Markets - Essay Example The impact on the stock markets themselves is difficult to predict, and could change investments and trading styles in ways that cannot be suggested from this naà ¯ve point (Sabri, 2006). For example, moving all stock exchanges from the physical to the electronic will create what is essentially one grouped exchange, meaning that any differences in the exchanges and their consequences will be eliminated (Sabri, 2006). Additionally, there may be consequences for the NASDAQ because of this conglomeration, as lower performing exchanges are incorporated into the more resilient. It is difficult to say whether this will improve the poorer performers or decrease the impact of the vital markets, but it is evident that there will be a distinct change in market performance (Arshanapalli & Doukas, 2003). The globalization of financial markets will also have inevitable consequences for the way that corporations themselves do business. If financial markets were truly globalized, there would be a need for many corporations to offer a 24-hour trading system to match the state of the exchanges, and thus many would require a greater financial output and labour input (Sachs, 1998). The globalization of financial markets could also lead to a greater amount of competition in many markets, with Eastern companies utilizing cheaper labour sources to provide cheaper services. This could cause corporations a number of problems, and introduce a need to investigate how to further improve profit margins to become competitive on a global scale. (Lahiri, Perez-Nordtvedt & Renn, 2008). Another element for business that is often discussed in the literature is a change in mind set. Along with more physical changes, an increase in globalization will require a number of changes in interaction with foreign m arkets, and understanding differences in financial systems worldwide. Lahiri, Perez-Nordtvedt & Renn (2008) suggest that there are a number of different elements that are required for the success of a corporation in the global market, including an increased appreciation of communication and cooperation, readiness to deal with temporal and cultural differences, and realizing sources of unexpected competition. These all come from an increased diversity in the market and a number of difficulties that come from dealing with previously unknown customers and investors. In conclusion, there are a number of ways in which financial markets are going to need to